The Forgetting Curve

Research conducted by Ebbinghaus in 1885 introduced us to the “Forgetting Curve,” which illustrates that we forget around 80% of what we read after just one encounter. The forgetting curve visually represents how our ability to remember information diminishes over time:

Fortunately, the same study indicates that with each repetition, the likelihood of recalling information improves. Essentially, the longer you engage with the material, the less likely you are to forget it quickly. By consistently revisiting what you've learned at suitable intervals, you can significantly reduce the effects of the Forgetting Curve.

Spaced repetition operates on the idea that our memory strengthens when we review information at strategic intervals, effectively countering the Forgetting Curve. With each review, the curve flattens, improving retention:

To effectively employ spaced repetition, it's essential to find a balance in your review schedule. You should revisit material when recall starts to diminish, but not so frequently that it feels like starting over.

But how do we determine the right timing for reviews? Let’s explore the SuperMemo algorithm and its integration with Web Highlights.

Section 1.1: Timing Your Reviews with the SuperMemo Algorithm

Finding the ideal review timing is crucial for effective learning. The SuperMemo algorithm, developed by Piotr Wo?niak, was designed to enhance learning efficiency, particularly in subjects like biochemistry and vocabulary.

The algorithm functions similarly to traditional flashcard methods:

1. A new learning item is introduced.
2. The item is reviewed for the first time.
3. The user rates their recall ability, indicating whether they remember or forget the information.
4. If the user recalls successfully, the algorithm extends the time until the next review to strengthen retention.
5. If recall is poor, the intervals are shortened to reinforce learning.

Subsection 1.1.1: Highlighting Online Content

Let’s apply these concepts in practice. For years, I have used the PDF & Web Highlighter “Web Highlights” to emphasize key points in online articles. However, I found myself struggling to remember the highlighted sections. Thanks to the new spaced repetition feature, this process has become much simpler.

For instance, when you discover something noteworthy online, you can highlight it with the Web Highlights Chrome Extension. This tool automatically converts your highlights into flashcards, which are then included in your daily review sessions. You will receive ten highlights each day, but you can opt to study more if desired.

During each learning session, you can provide feedback on your recall for each item by selecting either “I remember” or “I don’t remember.” If you successfully recall an item, its confidence level is boosted, and it is rescheduled for review later.

In the example below, successfully recalling a highlight increases confidence in retention, prompting the highlight to reappear in three days.

If you can recall the details after three days, the next review will be scheduled for a longer interval, perhaps ten days. This cycle can extend to around 30 days with continued success. If you fail to recall an item, it will be reintroduced the following day to reinforce learning.

After approximately five successful recalls, an item is considered securely stored in your long-term memory according to the principles of the Forgetting Curve.